الأحد، 12 يونيو 2011

Urine Protein


Overview & Description

A urine protein test is used to detect the presence of protein in a person's urine. Normally, protein is not excreted in urine because the protein molecules are too large to pass through the filtering membranes in the kidneys. If these filtering structures are damaged, protein escapes. The presence of protein in the urine is an important indicator of kidney disease.
Who is a candidate for the test?
A test for protein in urine is done when a person is suspected of having:


  • kidney disease, such as chronic renal failure, a form of kidney failure





  • diabetic nephropathy, a complication of diabetes in which the kidney cells are damaged





  • multiple myeloma, a tumor in the bone marrow





  • amyloidosis, a disease in which starch-like substances are deposited in the tissues and organs of the body




  • Pregnant women are routinely tested for protein in the urine during prenatal visits to the healthcare provider. Protein in the urine during pregnancy can indicate preeclampsia, a serious condition that can cause high blood pressure in the mother.
    How is the test performed?
    A person is asked to supply a urine sample. First, the area around the urethra should be washed to prevent contamination of the sample. Then, the person should:


  • start urinating in the toilet





  • catch a sample of urine in the container





  • finish urinating in the toilet




  • The container should be covered and delivered to the health care provider for testing. The sample is usually the first urine of the day.
    Sometimes a 24-hour urine collection is needed for more accurate results. In this process, a person collects all the urine he or she voids during a 24-hour period. In general, this schedule is followed:


  • Day 1: The patient urinates upon arising as usual and discards that urine. Then, the person collects all urine produced for the next 24 hours in a special container.





  • Day 2: First thing in the morning, the person collects the morning urine again in the container. Then the person covers the container and refrigerates it until it can be taken to the healthcare provider or assigned laboratory.




  • Often, urinary protein and several other substances are measured at the same time in a screening test known as urinalysis.


    Preparation & Expectations

    What is involved in preparation for the test?
    A person should request specific instructions from his or her health care provider.


    Results and Values

    What do the test results mean?
    Normally, there should be no protein detected in the urine. The presence of protein may indicate:


  • kidney disease





  • kidney injury





  • macroglobulinemia. This is a serious disease of the plasma causing bleeding tendencies, weight loss, blurred vision, and disease of the lymph nodes.





  • multiple myeloma, or a tumor in the bone marrow





  • preeclampsia of pregnancy





  • congestive heart failure, a condition in which the heart does not pump enough blood to the body tissues





  • severe muscle exertion





  • renal vein thrombosis, which is a blood clot in the vein carrying blood away from the kidney





  • bladder tumor, including bladder cancer





  • inflammation of the urethra or prostate gland





  • amyloidosis, a disease in which starch-like substances deposit in the tissues and organs of the body



  • Attribution

    Author:Stephanie Slon, BA
    Date Written:
    Editor:Duff, Ellen, BA
    Edit Date:04/21/00
    Reviewer:Eileen McLaughlin, RN, BSN
    Date Reviewed:09/20/01
    Sources
    Tabers Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary, F.A.Davis, 1993
    Illustrated Guide to Diagnostic Tests, Springhouse, 1998
    Mosby's Manual of Diagnostic and Laboratory Tests, Kathleen Pagana and Timothy Pagana, 1998

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